Chess

Chess Rules

Chess is one of the oldest known board games still played to this day. The rules of chess have varied greatly since its invention, but by now have been fairly standardized and commonly known.
The rules presented here are the basic rules of the game of chess, but a detailed overview of how the game is played can be found at Wikipedia or the official
ruleset of the International chess federation.

Queen’s Gambit

Since the chess TV show the Queen’s Gambit has recently been very popular we’ve temporarily changed our hardest opponent, Ann, and
renamed her to Beth (as in Beth Harmon, the protagonist from the Queen’s Gambit). We’ll put Ann back in a few days 🙂.

Setup

The game of chess is played on an 8×8 checkered board, where the rows are marked from 1-8 and referred to as “ranks” and the columns marked from “A” to “H”, referred to as “files”. The square marked as “A1” should be black.
The player controlling the white pieces places his pieces on ranks 1 and 2, and the player playing the black pieces places his pieces on ranks 7 and 8.

The pawns are placed on ranks 2 and 7. The other pieces are placed on ranks 1 and 8 as followed, starting from the “A” file: A rook, a knight, a bishop, a queen, a king, a bishop, a knight, and a rook.

The player who has white goes first, and players alternate moves after that.

The Aim of the game

The game can end under the following circumstances:

• If your opponent’s king is under threat of capture, but your opponent has no legal move to prevent that capture, you have won. This is referred to as “Checkmate”
• when either player concedes the game.
• when a player takes too long in making their move. On this site we give each player 60 seconds to make each move, and a total of 15 minutes for all their moves before the game is forfeit.
• If a players king is not under threat of capture but that player has no legal moves anyway, the game is a draw.
• The game is also a draw if any of the following situations come up:
  • Neither player has enough pieces to be able to checkmate
  • The same board position is repeated three times
  • 50 consecutive turns have passed in which neither player has moved a pawn nor captured a piece
  • The players agree to a draw

Making a move

The six pieces move as follows:

• The Bishop can move any number of squares along the diagonal.
• The Rook can move any number of squares along the same rank or file.
• The Queen can move any number of squares along the same rank, file, or diagonal.
• The Knight moves to the closest square that is neither on the same rank, file, or diagonal. Essentially the knight moves in an “L” shape, two squares along a rank or file and then a single square perpendicular.The knight is the only piece that can “jump over” other pieces.
• The Pawn moves one square along the file, always towards the opponent’s side of the board. The first time a pawn moves it is allowed to move two spaces along the file instead of one granted it has the space. A pawn can only capture a piece imminently along the diagonals in the direction of travel, not along the file it is currently travelling.
• The King can only move a single square in any direction, with the exception of castling (see below). The King can never place himself in a check.

Placing a king in check

When a player makes a move in which any of his pieces threatens to capture the opponents king the next turn the king is said to be in check. A player in check
must make a move that results in the check being relieved; be that by moving the king out of the way, capturing the threatning piece, or placing a piece
in between the king and threatning piece. A player that has no legal move out of the check has lost the game (referred to a Checkmate).

A player can be placed in check by multiple pieces at once, and must get out of all checks at once. A player can not remain in check.

A player may never make a move that results in his own king being in check.

Special moves

• En passant refers to a special move open to the pawns. When a pawn is moved two spaces from
  his starting position and is placed next to an enemy pawn, the enemy pawn can capture the pawn as it had
  only been moved a single square. For example, assume a white pawn is placed at B5. the black C7 pawn is moved to C5.
  The White player can move the B5 pawn to C6, and capture the C7 pawn. The player can only utilize en passant on the move
  directly following the opponent moving the pawn in question. The right expires as soon as his opponent makes the next move
• Castling refers to a special move open to the King and Rooks. If neither the King nor Rook has been moved during the
  game, the rank separating them is clear of pieces, and during the castling process no space the king will move over or end on
  is under attack by an opponent piece, the player can move his king two spaces towards the rook, and the rook on the opposite side
  of the king. For example, assume that the white king on E1 and the white rook on A1 have direct line of sight and have not moved.
  The white player can, in a single move, move the king two spaces left (to C1) and the rook three spaces right (to D1). The player
  could also castle kingside, moving the king to G1 and the H1 rook to F1.
• Promotion is a special move granted to the pawns. If a pawn manages to reach the far end of the board (white pawns to the 8-rank, black pawns to
  the 1-rank) they are automatically promoted. The player must state a piece (Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen). The promoted pawn is then transformed to
  the declared piece. A player might thus have a maximum of 9 Queens on the board, the one he started with and one for each of the 8 pawns that he
  potentially can promote. By the nature of the game pawns can not promote to a king, nor remain pawns.

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