Chuyên đề Câu so sánh trong Tiếng Anh

Câu so sánh trong Tiếng Anh

2 năm trước

Câu so sánh trong Tiếng Anh

I – Các dạng so sánh

1) So sánh bằng

S1 + be + as + adj + as +                     

S1 + V (do) + as + adv + as +     

  Eg:   She is as tall as me/ I am.

         Ngoc speaks Spanish as fluently as Nam (does).

2) So sánh không bằng

S1 + be + not + as/ so + adj + as +  

S1 + trợ ĐT + not + V + as/ so + adv + as +  

( ở dạng phủ định hay dùng “so…as” hơn)

Eg:   She isn’t as/so tall a me/ I am.

        He doesn’t drive as/so carefully as I (do).

*) ngoài ra còn có một số cách diễn đạt của so sánh bằng, tương tự, giống nhau:

the same as ( giống như)

alike (adj): giống nhau

like (adj): giống như

as: giống như, chính là

Eg:   He has the same book as mine.

         He and his father are alike.

         He looks like his father.

         She works as a teacher.

3) So sánh hơn

 S1 + V + short adj/ adv – er + than + S2 + (be/ trợ ĐT)

S2 + V + more + long adj/ adv + than + S2 + (be/ trợ ĐT)

*) Tính từ – trạng từ ngắn là từ có 1 âm tiết 

    Tính từ – trạng từ dài là từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên

Eg:  He is taller than his brother (is).

        Exercise 2 is more difficult than exercise 1 (is).

        He runs more quickly than she does/ her.

        She studies harder than I do.

4) So sánh kém

S1 +V + less + adj/ adv + than + S2 + (be/ trợ ĐT)

  Eg:  Lan is less beautiful than Hoa (is).

         She runs less quickly than I do.

5) Notes

– có thể chuyển so sánh hơn thành ngược lại bằng từ đối nghĩa hoặc chuyển thành so sánh không bằng hoặc kém.

– khi muốn so sánh các phẩm chất, đặc tính khác nhau trong cùng một người hoặc vật

    S+ V + more + adj1/ adv1 + than adj2/ adv2  ( bất kể ngắn dài)

Eg:   She is more sad than angry.

         She is more beautiful than intelligent.

         She speaks more slowly than carefully.

– khi so sánh bằng hoặc hơn của tính từ đứng trước N

Eg:   HCM city has a bigger population than Ha Noi city (does).

         I have more books than you do.

– những từ chỉ mức độ, số lượng thì đứng trước cấp so sánh

Eg:  She is 3 years older than I am.

        Her house is much more beautiful than my house is.

        It is much hotter in HN than (it is) in HCM city.

– khi so sánh có cả từ ngắn và từ dài hoặc 2 từ cùng ngắn hoặc cùng dài:

 Eg:   Her car is newer and more expensive than mine.

         Peter is taller and bigger than his father is.

         He is more intelligent and hard working than his brother is.

– một số từ có thể dùng ở hình thức so sánh hơn.

+) any:  trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn, nhấn mạnh.

    Eg:   Is she any better?

            I can’t go any farther.

+) ever/ before:  trước đây, đã từng

Eg:  You look much bigger than ever/ before.

+) even:   

 Eg: You are even more beautiful than before.

+) no (= not…at all): không….chút nào

    Eg: You look no older than 80.

+) of  ( đứng đầu số lượng để nhấn mạnh): trong số

Eg:  Of the 3 children, she is the tallest.

       Of the two girls, she is more beautiful.

+) other than ( khác với)/ rather than ( hơn là)

Eg:      Here is a book other than yours.

            I will go to meet him rather than wait for him.

            She left rather than stay as an unwelcomed guest.

+) no other… than  ( không ai/gì khác trừ/ ngoài)

   Eg:   I have no other friend here than you.

+) none other…than ( không ai/gì khác mà chính là)

   Eg:   It was none other than Peter.

– ngoài ra có thể dùng các cụm từ sau đây để so sánh:

    more of a                                  

    as much of a                              + N

    enough of a

    less of a 

Eg:     He is more of a sport man than his brother.

            It was as much of a success as I expected.

          He is less of a fool than I thought.

          He is enough of a man to tell the truth.

6)  So sánh bội số 
S +V + multiple number + as + adj/adv + as
S + V + multiple number + as + much/many + (N) + as
Trong đó: multiple number là: twice, half, three times, four times, five times, six times …
  Eg:   Her office is twice as big as mine.
          Ho Chi Minh City has four times as many people as Bien Hoa.

7) So sánh với danh từ

S1 + V + as many/much/few/little + N as S2 + trợ ĐT

S1 + trợ ĐT + not + V + as/so + many/much/few/little + N as S2 + trợ ĐT

    Eg:      He earns as much money as I do.

               I don’t have as/so many friends as he does.

S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than S2 + trợ ĐT

     Eg:    He has collected more stamps than I have.

               I have collected fewer stamps than he has.

S + V + most/fewest/least + N

      Eg:   I have least free time in my family.

8) So sánh nhất

S1 + be/V + the  +        short adj/ adv-est                + N (đôi khi là không cần)

                                         most + long adj / adv

 Eg:    He is the tallest (student) in my class.

           I like this film (the) best.

 Eg2:   He is the most intelligent student in my class.

            Of the students in my class, Nam speaks English (the) most fluently.

9) So sánh kép

+) So sánh “càng ngày càng”

more and more + adj/ adv (long)

adj/ adv (short) + er and adj/ adv (short) + er

   Eg:  It is hotter and hotter.

          She dances more and more gracefully.

+) So sánh “càng…càng…”

The adj/ adv (comparative) + S + V, the + adj/ adv (comparative) + S + V

Eg:  The harder he works, the better marks he gets.

        The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes.

10) Một số cách diễn đạt đặc biệt

+) be similar to…: tương tự như

+) be senior to/ superior to…: trội, ưu việt hơn

+) be inferior to/ junior to…: kém hơn, yếu hơn

   Eg:  Her ideas are quite similar to mine.

          He is senior to me.

          James is inferior to Peter’s intelligence.

II- Quy tắc + er/ est

1) thông thường + er/est

    small → smaller → the smallest

    tall → taller → the tallest

2) phụ âm + y → ier/ iest              

    dry → drier →  the driest

    nguyên âm + y → yer/ yest     

    gray → grayer → the grayest

3) tận cùng là e → +r/st        

     large → larger/ the largest

4) nếu từ có 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết nhưng trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 mà trước phụ âm cuối chỉ có 1 nguyên âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm đuôi er/est

       big → bigger → the biggest

*) w –  không gấp đôi    

    new → newer → the newest

5) những từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng có đuôi là y, er, ow, et, le, ure thì được dùng ở dạng so sánh như tính từ ngắn

happy → happier → the happiest

clever → cleverer → the cleverest

narrow → narrower → the narrowest

quiet → quieter → the quietest

simple → simpler → the simplest

obscure → obscurer → the obscurest

*) adv (ly) → không được áp dụng    

     eg:  không nói “quicklier”

6) Một số tính từ ghép

    good-looking  →    better-looking           →     the best-looking

                                  more good-looking             the most good-looking

*) tuy nhiên

     fine-looking  → finer-looking → the finest-looking

     far- fetched   → more far-fetched → the most far-fetched

    kind-hearted → more kind-hearted → the most kind-hearted

• phần lớn các tính từ ghép đều so sánh  “more…than/ the most…”

*) Một số bất quy tắc khác

Adj

So sánh hơn

So sánh nhất

good/ well

better

best

bad

worse

worst

little (amount)

less

least

little (size)

smaller

smallest

much/ many

more

most

far (place + time)

further

furthest

far (place)

farther

farthest

late (time)

later

latest

near (place)

nearer

nearest

old (people and things)

older/ elder

oldest/ eldest

 

III – Bài tập

Bài 1: Viết các câu sau ở dạng so sánh hơn:

1. The water color is 85 dollars and the oil painting is 100 dollars. (expensive)

2. The film is two and a half hours, but the play is only two hours.  (long )

3. Tom is 1.6 meters tall, but Jack is 1.7 meters.   (tall)

4. The Mercedes can do 130 mph on the race-track, but the Ferrari can do 135 mph. (fast)

5. In the intelligence test, Mary has got an IQ of 140 but Ann has got an IQ of 180. (intelligent)

6. Tim can lift 90 kilos, but John can lift 100 kilos. (strong)

7. The bridge was built in 1990 and the canal in 1995. (old)

8. Florida is 25oC and California is 27oC.   (hot)

9. The tower is 120m high and the main building is 98m high. (high)

Bài 2: Chia dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc:

1. XiaoZhan is 28 years old. YiBo is 22 years old. XiaoZhan is (old) than YiBo.

2. An ocean is (large) than a sea.

3. Brazil exports (much) coffee of all South American countries.

4. What is the (long) river in Vietnam?

5. Daniel is (friendly) of all the boys in this office.

6. Los Angeles is (far) from here than Philadelphia.

7. Marie is certainly not (intelligent) as her sister is.

8. People say that Chinese is (difficult) to learn than English.

9. The winter is coming. It is getting (cold) and (cold).

10. It is (tall) building in the world.

Đáp án:

Bài 1:

1. The oil painting is more expensive than the water color.

2. The film is longer than the play.

3. Jack is taller than Tom.

4. The Ferrari is faster than the Mercedes.

5. Ann is more intelligent than Mary.

6. John is stronger than Tim.

7. The canal was older than the bridge.

8. California is hotter than Florida.

9. The tower is higher than the main building.

Bài 2:

1. older

2. larger

3. the most

4. longest

5. the most friendly

6. farther

7. as intelligent as

8. more difficult than

9. colder – colder

10. the tallest

Bài viết gợi ý: