What is a module in software, hardware and programming?

A module is a distinct assembly of components that can be easily added, removed or replaced in a larger system. Generally, a module is not functional on its own. In computer hardware , a module is a component that is designed for easy replacement. In computer software , a module is an extension to a main program dedicated to a specific function. In programming, a module is a section of code that is added in as a whole or is designed for easy reusability.

What are hardware modules?

For hardware, a module is an assembly of parts designed to be added and removed from a larger system easily. An example of a hardware module is a stick of RAM. Most modules are not functional on their own. They need to be connected to a larger system or be part of a system made up of several modules.

The concept of modularity or being made up of modules is common in computer hardware. A modular system has many advantages allowing for ease of repair, upgrade and extension of functionality. The various modules can be swapped out as needed. Standardization of hardware as interconnects enables several vendors to produce modules creating better choice for consumers.

A RAM stick is an example of a hardware module.

While most systems are modular, the term module is not applied to all components in everyday speech. The expression module is often reserved for add-ins that are easy to remove and are boxy in shape. Some common examples are networking small form-factor pluggable modules, Mobile PCI Express Modules and dual in-line memory module RAM.

Embedded and industrial systems are beginning to use compute modules. These are entire single-board computers with connectors so they can be easily installed in a system. These are often used in digital signage or industrial equipment where the main equipment may have a long life span, but they want the ability to easily upgrade the computing performance in the future.