Top 18 digital certificate authentication in 2023

Author: www.ibm.com

Date Submitted: 07/08/2019 10:36 AM

Average star voting: 3 ⭐ ( 11982 reviews)

Summary: Certificate-based authentication is a phishing-resistant cryptographic technique which enables computers to use digital certificates to securely identify each other across a network.

Match with the search results: A digital certificate acts as an electronic credential and verifies that the person presenting it is truly who she claims to be. In this respect, a certificate ……. read more

Author: www.yubico.com

Date Submitted: 09/19/2019 08:15 AM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 89112 reviews)

Summary: Let’s look at certificate-based authentication and how it can it take multi-factor authentication one step further to secure organizational systems and networks

Match with the search results: In a nutshell, certificate-based authentication (CBA) uses a digital certificate derived from cryptography to identify a user, device or machine, before ……. read more

Author: www.globalsign.com

Date Submitted: 10/16/2021 04:16 AM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 16497 reviews)

Summary: The subject that does not have to be scary, but there are a few misunderstandings. Here’s a look at how certificate-based authentications actually works.

Match with the search results: Certificate-based Authentication (CBA) uses a digital certificate, acquired via cryptography, to identify a user, machine or device before granting access to a ……. read more

Author: www.networkworld.com

Date Submitted: 07/30/2022 09:46 PM

Average star voting: 3 ⭐ ( 76293 reviews)

Summary:

Match with the search results: Certificate-based authentication is a cryptographic technique that allows one computer to securely identify itself to another across a network connection, ……. read more

Author: www.pingidentity.com

Date Submitted: 12/26/2019 07:24 AM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 46427 reviews)

Summary:

Match with the search results: Certificate-based authentication is the process of establishing your identity using electronic documents known as digital certificates….. read more

Author: docs.oracle.com

Date Submitted: 02/04/2021 04:38 PM

Average star voting: 5 ⭐ ( 19460 reviews)

Summary:

Match with the search results: Certificate chain verification is the process of making sure a given certificate chain is well-formed, valid, properly signed, and trustworthy. Directory Server ……. read more

Author: docs.oracle.com

Date Submitted: 08/10/2019 08:00 PM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 92261 reviews)

Summary: A digital certificate links ownership of a public key with its owner. Learn more about how digital certificates work and their benefits and limitations.

Match with the search results: 509 digital certificate authentication is a standards-based security framework that is used to secure private information and transaction processing….. read more

Author: www.axiad.com

Date Submitted: 02/24/2021 07:07 AM

Average star voting: 5 ⭐ ( 25990 reviews)

Summary:

Match with the search results: Certificate-based authentication is a security measure that uses digital certificates to verify the identity of a user or device. A digital ……. read more

Author: www.fortinet.com

Date Submitted: 09/16/2019 03:35 PM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 72820 reviews)

Summary: Certificates outperform passwords in Wi-Fi network authentication because of their advantages in security and user experience.

Match with the search results: Digital certificate authentication helps organizations ensure that only trusted devices and users can connect to their networks….. read more

Author: en.wikipedia.org

Date Submitted: 01/05/2020 06:54 PM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 64566 reviews)

Summary: It is important to add another authentication system to secure your server. Learn what client certificate authentication is and how it works today.

Match with the search results: In cryptography, a public key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate, is an electronic document used to prove the validity ……. read more

Author: www.digicert.com

Date Submitted: 05/15/2020 04:53 AM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 88240 reviews)

Summary: A certificate-based authentication server uses certificates and SSL (Single Sign On) to authenticate a user, machine or device. The entire authentication process is carried out virtually with the help of cloud technology. For securing your networks, get in touch with ZENCC.

Match with the search results: A digital certificate acts as an electronic credential and verifies that the person presenting it is truly who she claims to be. In this respect, a certificate ……. read more

Author: www.digicert.com

Date Submitted: 04/08/2019 08:25 PM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 30030 reviews)

Summary: Replace User Name and Password with Two-Factor Authentication Two-factor authentication, also known as 2FA, typically replaces a user name and password

Match with the search results: In a nutshell, certificate-based authentication (CBA) uses a digital certificate derived from cryptography to identify a user, device or machine, before ……. read more

Author: www.techtarget.com

Date Submitted: 04/09/2021 06:45 AM

Average star voting: 5 ⭐ ( 56872 reviews)

Summary: Sales and Use Tax

March 24, 2011

You requested a letter ruling on behalf of your client, ***************** (hereinafter “Taxpayer”) regarding whether the Taxpayer’s sales of authentication services via provision of a digital certificate to the Taxpayer’s customers for a consideration are subject to the Massachusetts sales/use tax when provided to customers located in Massachusetts.

I. Statement of Facts

The Taxpayer is a provider of authentication solutions for businesses and individuals seeking to perform secure electronic commerce and communications over the Internet. One such solution is the provision of a digital certificate and authentication and resolution services on a subscription basis.

Digital certificates are commonly used to facilitate the secure transmissions between end users’ browsers and the Taxpayer’s customers’ (“customers”) servers. A digital certificate allows an end user to recognize that he is, indeed, accessing the customer’s server.

A digital certificate is provided through an online process, and the first step in this process is the customer’s access of the Taxpayer’s online portal to complete a registration form. As part of the customer’s request of a certificate through registration, a private and public key pair is generated by the customer’s web server. The private key is retained by the customer on its web server. The public key is part of the information sent to the Taxpayer in the registration process.

The Taxpayer performs all due diligence necessary to authenticate the identity of the customer, the related website and business, and the information presented by the customer during the registration process, including the public key. Once the Taxpayer authenticates the identity of the customer, a digital certificate is electronically sent to the customer. A digital certificate is flat file containing: the customer’s public key, metadata with information such as certificate expiration date, the certificate owners’ name, the name of the issuer (certification authority, i.e., the Taxpayer), serial number of the certificate, and an electronic signature of the issuer. [1] The flat file does not contain binary code and does not dictate statements, data or instructions to bring about certain results. As such, the flat file, i.e., the digital certificate, is not computer software.

The digital certificates are installed by the customer on a customer’s web server. When end users connect to the customer’s server through a web browser, the browser establishes the authenticity of the digital certificate (and thus the authenticity of the web site) by mathematically proving that the certificate presented by the customer’s web server was digitally signed by the Taxpayer. The digital certificate also contains the aforementioned public key. It is described as a “public” key because the digital certificate (and key contained therein) is readily viewable by any browser.

The end user’s web browser creates a session key that is used to encrypt the transmission between the customer’s server and the end user’s browser. However, the end user’s browser must first use the public key to encrypt the session key and then transmit the session key to the web server. The web server will use the private key to decrypt the session key so that both the web server and browser can begin using the session key for the encrypted transmissions. After the initial handshake between the browser and web server, the session key is used for the encryption of the transmissions. The encryption strength of the transmission is directly related to the bit length of the session key. The encryption/decryption is performed by the cryptographic software built into the web browser and customer’s server. This software is not provided by the Taxpayer.

In addition to authenticating the digital certificate and website, the end user’s browser communicates with the Taxpayer’s servers to verify that the digital certificate is valid and not revoked (resolution service). If the certificate is valid, the end user’s browser will show the end user a notification that the certificate is valid and has not been revoked. The charges for the authentication service, digital certificate, and resolution service are part of a lump sum subscription charge and must be renewed periodically.

II. Ruling Requested

The Taxpayer requests a ruling that its sales of authentication services via provision of a digital certificate to the Taxpayer’s customers for a consideration are not subject to the Massachusetts sales/use tax when provided to customers located in Massachusetts.

III. Discussion of Law

Massachusetts imposes a 6.25 percent sales tax on all retail sales of tangible personal property and telecommunications services within Massachusetts by any vendor, unless otherwise exempt. G.L. c. 64H, §§ 1, 2. A complementary 6.25 percent use tax is imposed on tangible personal property and telecommunications services purchased for storage, use or other consumption within Massachusetts. G.L. c. 64I, §§ 1, 2. A “retail sale” is defined as a sale of tangible personal property for any purpose other that resale in the regular course of business. G.L. c. 64H, § 1. The definition of “tangible personal property” provides “(a) transfer of standardized computer software, including, but not limited to electronic, telephonic, or similar transfer, shall also be considered a transfer of tangible personal property.” Other than standardized or prewritten software, digital products transferred electronically are not subject to sales or use tax. See TIR 05-8, Section VII. B.8.

For sales and use tax purposes, “sale” includes “the furnishing of information by printed, mimeographed or multigraphed matter, or by duplicating written or printed matter in any other manner, including the services of collecting, compiling, or analyzing information of any kind or nature and furnishing reports thereof to other persons, but excluding the furnishing of information which is personal or individual in nature and which is not or may not be substantially incorporated into reports furnished to other persons.” G.L. c. 64H, § 1 (emphasis added). The sales of reports of standard information in tangible form sold or intended to be sold to two or more purchasers are generally subject to the sales and use tax. 830 CMR 64H.1.3(8)(a). However, the sale of a report of individual information, even if in tangible form, is not taxable if the report may not be or is not substantially incorporated into reports furnished to others persons. 830 CMR 64H.1.3(8)(b). Charges for transmitting reports of any type by telephone lines, microwaves, or other electronic modes of transmission are not taxable, unless the vendor transfers an otherwise taxable medium imprinted with the reports as part of the same transaction. See 830 CMR 64H.1.3 (8).

Digital certificates are sent to the Taxpayer’s customers electronically; such transfers for consideration are not subject to sales or use tax unless transfer of the digital certificates constitutes a taxable transfer of prewritten software.

The rules relating to tax on prewritten software are contained in the Computer Industry Services and Products Regulation, 830 CMR 64H.1.3. Section (3) provides the following:

(3) General Rules.

(a) Sales Tax. Sales in Massachusetts of computer hardware, computer equipment, and prewritten computer software, regardless of the method of delivery, and reports of standard information in tangible form are generally subject to the Massachusetts sales tax. Taxable transfers of prewritten software include sales affected in any of the following ways regardless of the method of delivery, including electronic delivery or load and leave: licenses and leases, transfers of rights to use software installed on a remote server, upgrades, and license upgrades. The vendor collects sales tax from the purchaser and pays the sales tax to the Commissioner.

Id. For purposes of sales and use taxes, prewritten software sold to a customer in Massachusetts or purchased for use in Massachusetts shall be subject to the sales or use tax regardless of the method of delivery, including transfers by electronic means such as the Internet. The sales and use taxes, in general, do not apply to the performance of a service. 830 CMR 64H.1.3(3)(e). When a transaction involves the performance of a service and there is no transfer of tangible personal property or there is an inconsequential transfer of tangible personal property, the transaction is not subject to tax. 830 CMR 64H.1.1(2); 830 CMR 64H.1.3(14). Thus, the sales and use taxes do not apply to access or use of software where the object of the transaction is acquiring a good or service and there is no charge for the use of software. 830 CMR 64H.1.3(14).

The Taxpayer characterizes the authentication services as services involving no transfer of prewritten computer software. The taxpayer contends that the transfer of the digital certificate is not the transfer of computer software. Based on the taxpayer’s representations in the Statement of Facts, regardless of whether the generation and transfer of the digital certificate is made possible by computer software, we agree that the object of the transaction is a nontaxable authentication service and not any software that enables the provision of those services.

IV. Ruling

The Taxpayer’s sales of authentication services via provision of a digital certificate to the Taxpayer’s customers for a consideration are not subject to the Massachusetts sales and use taxes when provided to customers located in Massachusetts.

Very truly yours,
 

/s/Navjeet K. Bal
 

Navjeet K. Bal
Commissioner of Revenue
 

NKB:MTF:lbr
 

LR 11-3

[1] Note that the exact contents of a certificate adhere to certain established standards such as the “X509” standard that specifies what can or cannot be contained on a certificate.

Match with the search results: Certificate-based Authentication (CBA) uses a digital certificate, acquired via cryptography, to identify a user, machine or device before granting access to a ……. read more

Author: www.thesslstore.com

Date Submitted: 12/19/2022 08:05 AM

Average star voting: 5 ⭐ ( 47769 reviews)

Summary: Digital certificates and PKI Digital certificates facilitate secure electronic communication and data exchange between people, systems, and devices online. They are issued by Certificate Authorities (CAs) and perform two primary functions: Verifying the identity of the sender/receiver of an electronic message Providing the means to encrypt/decrypt messages between sender and receiver (i.e., binding and entity to their public key)

Match with the search results: Certificate-based authentication is a cryptographic technique that allows one computer to securely identify itself to another across a network connection, ……. read more

Author: www.securew2.com

Date Submitted: 07/02/2019 10:24 AM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 96503 reviews)

Summary: Digital Certificate explained – Easy to follow VPN tutorial

Match with the search results: Certificate-based authentication is the process of establishing your identity using electronic documents known as digital certificates….. read more

Author: www.jscape.com

Date Submitted: 08/23/2020 05:35 AM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 84017 reviews)

Summary: Three types of Digital Certificates; namely TLS/SSL Certificate, Code Signing Certificate and Client Certificate

Match with the search results: Certificate chain verification is the process of making sure a given certificate chain is well-formed, valid, properly signed, and trustworthy. Directory Server ……. read more

Author: zencc.net

Date Submitted: 06/30/2020 07:18 AM

Average star voting: 3 ⭐ ( 88796 reviews)

Summary: A digital certificate verifies the authenticity of a public key used to encrypt an online asset. Learn about the types and importance.

Match with the search results: 509 digital certificate authentication is a standards-based security framework that is used to secure private information and transaction processing….. read more

Author: www.identrust.com

Date Submitted: 01/10/2020 08:09 AM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 41907 reviews)

Summary: Which is more secure? Which has a better UX? Credentials and certificates pros and cons compared.

Match with the search results: Certificate-based authentication is a security measure that uses digital certificates to verify the identity of a user or device. A digital ……. read more